=head1 NAME

nbdkit-ip-filter - filter clients by IP address, process ID, user ID,
group ID and more

=head1 SYNOPSIS

 nbdkit --filter=ip PLUGIN [allow=addr[,addr...]]
                           [deny=addr[,addr...]]

=head1 DESCRIPTION

C<nbdkit-ip-filter> can allow or deny client connections by their IP
address.

Usually it is better to control this outside nbdkit, for example using
TCP wrappers or a firewall, but this filter can be used if these are
not available.

=head1 EXAMPLES

=head2 Filter by IP address

 nbdkit --filter=ip [...] allow=loopback deny=all

Allow clients to connect on the loopback (IPv4 or IPv6)
address, deny all other clients.

 nbdkit --filter=ip [...] deny=8.0.0.0/8

Allow any client except connections from the IPv4 C<8.0.0.0/8>
network.

 nbdkit --filter=ip [...] allow=anyipv6 deny=all

Allow IPv6 clients to connect from anywhere, deny all other sources.

=head2 Filter by Unix domain socket peer

 nbdkit -U $tmpdir/sock --filter=ip [...] allow=uid:`id -u` deny=all

Only allow the current user (S<C<id -u>>) to connect over the socket.

Layer extra security by creating the socket inside a temporary
directory only accessible by the user.

 nbdkit -U $tmpdir/sock --filter=ip [...] allow=gid:`id -g` deny=all

Allow anyone in the same group as the current user to connect to the
Unix domain socket.

As in the previous example, layer extra security by creating the
socket inside a temporary directory only accessible by the group.

=head1 RULES

When a client connects, this filter checks its source address against
the allow and deny lists as follows:

=over 4

=item 1

If the address matches any in the allow list, permission is granted.

=item 2

If the address matches any in the deny list, permission is denied.

=item 3

Otherwise permission is granted.

=back

If either the C<allow> or C<deny> parameter is not present then it is
assumed to be an empty list.  The order in which the parameters appear
on the command line does not matter; the allow list is always
processed first and the deny list second.

The C<allow> and C<deny> parameters each contain a comma-separated
list of any of the following:

=over 4

=item B<all>

=item B<any>

These keywords (which both have the same meaning) match any source.

=item B<allipv4>

=item B<anyipv4>

These keywords match any IPv4 address.

=item B<allipv6>

=item B<anyipv6>

These keywords match any IPv6 address.

=item B<allunix>

=item B<anyunix>

These keywords match any connection over a Unix domain socket.

=item B<allvsock>

=item B<anyvsock>

These keywords match any connection over an C<AF_VSOCK> socket.

=item B<loopback>

(nbdkit E<ge> 1.48)

Any loopback address, both IPv4 or IPv6.

=item B<loopbackipv4>

=item B<loopbackv4>

=item B<loopback4>

(nbdkit E<ge> 1.48)

The IPv4 loopback address.

=item B<loopbackipv6>

=item B<loopbackv6>

=item B<loopback6>

(nbdkit E<ge> 1.48)

The IPv6 loopback address.

=item AB<.>BB<.>CB<.>D

This matches the single IPv4 address C<A.B.C.D>, for example
C<192.168.2.0>

=item AB<.>BB<.>CB<.>DB</>NN

This matches the range of IPv4 addresses C<A.B.C.D/NN>, for example
C<192.168.2.0/24> or C<10.0.0.0/8>

=item AB<:>BB<:>...

This matches the single IPv6 address C<A:B:...>.  The usual IPv6
address representations can be used (see S<RFC 5952>).

=item AB<:>BB<:>...B</>NN

This matches a range of IPv6 addresses C<A:B:.../NN>

=item B<dn:>WILDCARD

=item B<issuer-dn:>WILDCARD

(nbdkit E<ge> 1.40, not Windows)

This matches the TLS Distinguished Name (DN) of the client certificate
or client certificate's issuer against the C<WILDCARD>.  In the
example below quotes are used to protect the wildcard from the shell,
they are not part of the matching:

 nbdkit --filter=ip allow=dn:"*,O=BigCo,*" [...]

 nbdkit --filter=ip allow=issuer-dn:"CN=BigCo" [...]

See L<nbdkit_peer_tls_dn(3)>, L<nbdkit_peer_tls_issuer_dn(3)> and
L<nbdkit-tls(1)> for further information about DNs.

Using this rule has important performance implications, see
L</Late filtering> below.

Comma splitting is not done inside parameters that start with C<dn:>
or C<issuer-dn:>.  See L</Comma splitting> below.

=item B<pid:>PID

(nbdkit E<ge> 1.24, Linux only)

This matches the process ID C<PID>, if the client connects over a Unix
domain socket.

Note that process IDs are recycled so this alone is not secure enough
to ensure that only a single desired process can connect.  However you
could use it as an additional check.

=item B<security:>LABEL

(nbdkit E<ge> 1.36, not Windows)

This matches the security context (usually the SELinux label, IPSEC
label or NetLabel) of the client.

=item B<uid:>UID

(nbdkit E<ge> 1.24)

This matches the numeric user ID C<UID>, if the client connects over a
Unix domain socket.

=item B<gid:>GID

(nbdkit E<ge> 1.24)

This matches the numeric group ID C<GID>, if the client connects over
a Unix domain socket.

=item B<vsock-cid:>CID

=item B<vsock-port:>PORT

(nbdkit E<ge> 1.24)

These match the CID or port number for C<AF_VSOCK> sockets.

=back

=head1 PARAMETERS

=over 4

=item B<allow=>addr[B<,>...]

Set list of allow rules.  This parameter is optional, if omitted the
allow list is empty.

=item B<deny=>addr[B<,>...]

Set list of deny rules.  This parameter is optional, if omitted the
deny list is empty.

=back

=head1 NOTES

=head2 Not filtered

If neither the C<allow> nor the C<deny> parameter is given the filter
does nothing.

Unix domain sockets and C<AF_VSOCK> sockets were always unfiltered in
S<nbdkit E<le> 1.22>.  In S<nbdkit E<ge> 1.24> the ability to filter
them was added.

In S<nbdkit E<le> 1.38>, connections from non-IP, non-Unix, non-vsock
sockets (whatever that would be) were allowed unfiltered.  In
S<nbdkit E<ge> 1.40> unknown socket families are denied.

=head2 Common patterns of usage

Permit known good connections and deny everything else:

 nbdkit --filter=ip ... allow=good1,good2,... deny=all

Block troublemakers but allow everything else:

 nbdkit --filter=ip ... deny=bad1,bad2,...

=head2 Comma splitting

You can supply each C<allow> and C<deny> parameter multiple times.
The rules are concatenated.

Also each C<allow> or C<deny> parameter can contain multiple rules,
split at commas (C<,>).

These sets of rules are equivalent:

 nbdkit --filter=ip allow=good1 allow=good2,good3 deny=all

 nbdkit --filter=ip allow=good1,good2 allow=good3 deny=all

Because TLS Distinguished Names (DNs) contain commas, the filter has a
special exception where if the first characters of the allow or deny
parameter match C<"dn:"> or C<"issuer-dn:"> then the whole parameter
is I<not> split.  This lets you match on multiple DNs naturally:

 nbdkit --filter=ip \
        allow=dn:"*,O=BigCo,*" \
        allow=issuer-dn:"CN=BigCo" [...]

=head2 Late filtering

This filter normally runs the filtering rules very early in the
connection, just after nbdkit has received an open socket from the
client.  Filtering happens in the C<.preconnect> callback.

L<nbdkit-plugin(3)/Callback lifecycle> explains the connection
lifecycle in more detail.

However if your allow or deny patterns contain any C<dn:> or
C<issuer-dn:> rules then I<all> filtering has to be done later in the
connection lifecycle, since we must wait until TLS negotiation has
been completed.  Filtering happens in the C<.open> or C<.list_exports>
callback instead.

In practice this makes filtering more expensive and potentially makes
it easier to cause Denial of Service (DoS) attacks.  You should try to
combine C<dn:> and C<issuer-dn:> rules with extra filtering outside
nbdkit, such as using a firewall or VPN.

=head1 DEBUG FLAGS

=over 4

=item B<-D ip.rules=1>

Debug rules and rule matching.  If clients are accepted or rejected
when they should not be, using S<I<-v -D ip.rules=1>> can help to
debug the problem.

=back

=head1 FILES

=over 4

=item F<$filterdir/nbdkit-ip-filter.so>

The filter.

Use C<nbdkit --dump-config> to find the location of C<$filterdir>.

=back

=head1 VERSION

C<nbdkit-ip-filter> first appeared in nbdkit 1.18.

=head1 SEE ALSO

L<nbdkit(1)>,
L<nbdkit-exitlast-filter(1)>,
L<nbdkit-exitwhen-filter(1)>,
L<nbdkit-limit-filter(1)>,
L<nbdkit-time-limit-filter(1)>,
L<nbdkit-filter(3)>,
L<nbdkit_peer_name(3)>,
L<nbdkit_peer_pid(3)>,
L<nbdkit_peer_uid(3)>,
L<nbdkit_peer_gid(3)>,
L<nbdkit_peer_security_context(3)>,
L<nbdkit_peer_tls_dn(3)>,
L<nbdkit_peer_tls_issuer_dn(3)>,
L<nbdkit-tls(1)>.

=head1 AUTHORS

Richard W.M. Jones

=head1 COPYRIGHT

Copyright Red Hat
